Orta Çağ İslam dünyasında astronomi

İslam astronomisi, özellikle İslam'ın Altın Çağı (9. ve 13. yüzyıllar)^[1] sırasında, İslam dünyasında yapılan astronomik gelişmeleri kapsar ve çoğunlukla Arapça yazılmış eserlerden oluşur. Bu gelişmeler özellikle Uzak Doğu ve Hindistan'da daha sonra Orta Doğu, Orta Asya, Endülüs ve Kuzey Afrika'da gerçekleşti. Orta Çağ İslam astronomisi, yabancı dildeki kaynakların özümsenmesi ve bu kaynakların birbiriyle benzeşmeyen unsurlarının İslami özelliklere sahip bir bilim yaratmak için birleştirilmesi gibi yönleri nedeniyle diğer İslami bilimlerin doğuşuyla paralellik gösterir. Bu kaynaklar özellikle Arapça diline tercüme edilmiş ve üzerine çalışmalar gerçekleştirilmiş Yunan, Sasani ve Hint eserlerinden oluşuyordu.^[2]

İngiltere'nin Cambridge şehrinde bulunan Whipple Müzesinin Bilim tarihi bölümünde tutulan 18. yüzyıldan kalma farsça bir usturlap.

İslam astronomisi, özellikle 12. yüzyılda Arapça eserlerin Latinceye çevrilmesiyle, erken Orta Çağ dönemindeki bilgi kaybını takiben Bizans^[3] ve Avrupa^[4] astronomisinin yeniden canlanmasında önemli bir rol oynadı. Çin astronomisi^[5] ve Mali astronomisi üzerinde de etkileri oldu.^[6]^[7]

Aldebaran, Altair ve Deneb gibi yıldızların önemli bir kısmı ve alidat, azimut ve nadir gibi astronomik terimler günümüzde de Arapça isimleriyle anılmaktadır.^[8]^[9] İslam astronomisine ait büyük bir literatür külliyatı günümüze ulaşmıştır. Dünyanın dört bir yanına dağılmış ve çoğu okunmamış ya da kataloglanmamış yaklaşık 10.000 el yazması bulunmaktadır. Bu duruma karşın astronomi alanında gerçekleştirilmiş İslami faaliyetlerin makul surette isabetli bir şekilde çerçevesi çizilebilir.^[10]

Kaynakça

Özel

^ Saliba 1994b, ss. 245, 250, 256–257
^ Gingerich 1986
^ Leichter, Joseph (May 2004). The Zij as-Sanjari of Gregory Chioniades. Internet Archive. Providence, RI: Brown University (27 Haziran 2009 tarihinde yayınlandı). Erişim tarihi: 11 Kasım 2016.
^ Saliba (1999).
^ Benno, van Dalen (2002). Ansari, S.M. Razaullah (Ed.). Islamic Astronomical Tables in China: The Sources for Huihui li. History of Oriental Astronomy. Astrophysics and Space Science Library. 274. ss. 19-32. doi:10.1007/978-94-015-9862-0. ISBN 978-94-015-9862-0.
^ Holbrook, Jarita; Medupe, Rodney Thebe; Urama, Johnson O., (Ed.) (1 Ocak 2008). African Cultural Astronomy: Current Archaeoastronomy and Ethnoastronomy research in Africa (İngilizce). Springer Science & Business Media. ISBN 9781402066399. 26 Ağustos 2016 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 11 Kasım 2016.
^ Medupe, Rodney Thebe; Warner, Brian; Jeppie, Shamil; Sanogo, Salikou; Maiga, Mohammed; Maiga, Ahmed; Dembele, Mamadou; Diakite, Drissa; Tembely, Laya; Kanoute, Mamadou; Traore, Sibiri; Sodio, Bernard; Hawkes, Sharron (2008), "The Timbuktu Astronomy Project", African Cultural Astronomy, Astrophysics and Space Science Proceedings, 6, s. 179, Bibcode:2008ASSP....6..179M, doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-6639-9_13, ISBN 978-1-4020-6638-2.
^ Arabic Star Names, Islamic Crescents' Observation Project, 2 Şubat 2008 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi, erişim tarihi: 11 Kasım 2016
^ Lebling, Robert W. (September–October 2010). "Arabic in the Sky". aramcoworld.com. Saudi Aramco World. ss. 24-33. 11 Mart 2016 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 11 Kasım 2016.
^ Ilyas 1997

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Dış bağlantılar

"Tubitak Turkish National Observatory Antalya"
"Scientific American" article on Islamic Astronomy
The Arab Union for Astronomy and Space Sciences (AUASS) 20 Kasım 2020 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi.
King Abdul Aziz Observatory
History of Islamic Astrolabes 12 Ağustos 2016 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi.
Al-Sufi's constellations 5 Temmuz 2020 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi.

[ReferenceA2-1] Saliba 1994b, ss. 245, 250, 256–257

[Gingerich-2] Gingerich 1986

[Leichter2-3] Leichter, Joseph (May 2004). The Zij as-Sanjari of Gregory Chioniades. Internet Archive. Providence, RI: Brown University (27 Haziran 2009 tarihinde yayınlandı). Erişim tarihi: 11 Kasım 2016.

[Saliba2-4] Saliba (1999).

[:0-5] Benno, van Dalen (2002). Ansari, S.M. Razaullah (Ed.). Islamic Astronomical Tables in China: The Sources for Huihui li. History of Oriental Astronomy. Astrophysics and Space Science Library. 274. ss. 19-32. doi:10.1007/978-94-015-9862-0. ISBN 978-94-015-9862-0.

[6] Holbrook, Jarita; Medupe, Rodney Thebe; Urama, Johnson O., (Ed.) (1 Ocak 2008). African Cultural Astronomy: Current Archaeoastronomy and Ethnoastronomy research in Africa (İngilizce). Springer Science & Business Media. ISBN 9781402066399. 26 Ağustos 2016 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 11 Kasım 2016.

[7] Medupe, Rodney Thebe; Warner, Brian; Jeppie, Shamil; Sanogo, Salikou; Maiga, Mohammed; Maiga, Ahmed; Dembele, Mamadou; Diakite, Drissa; Tembely, Laya; Kanoute, Mamadou; Traore, Sibiri; Sodio, Bernard; Hawkes, Sharron (2008), "The Timbuktu Astronomy Project", African Cultural Astronomy, Astrophysics and Space Science Proceedings, 6, s. 179, Bibcode:2008ASSP....6..179M, doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-6639-9_13, ISBN 978-1-4020-6638-2.

[8] Arabic Star Names, Islamic Crescents' Observation Project, 2 Şubat 2008 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi, erişim tarihi: 11 Kasım 2016

[9] Lebling, Robert W. (September–October 2010). "Arabic in the Sky". aramcoworld.com. Saudi Aramco World. ss. 24-33. 11 Mart 2016 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 11 Kasım 2016.

[10] Ilyas 1997

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