Roma imparatorluk kültü

Roma imparatorluk kültü, imparatorları ve ailelerinin bazı üyelerini, Roma Devleti'nin ilahi olarak onaylanmış otoritesi (auctoritas) ile özdeşleştiren tanımlamadır. Çerçevesi Roma ve Yunan emsallerine dayanıyordu ve Augustus'un ilk yönetimi sırasında formüle edildi. Anlam ve ifadesinde belirgin yerel farklılıklarla, İmparatorluk ve vilayetlerinde hızla yerleştirilmiştir.

Augustus'un reformları; Roma'nın Cumhuriyet hükûmet sistemini, geleneksel Roma uygulamaları ve Cumhuriyet değerlerinde ifade edilen de facto bir monarşiye dönüştürdü. Princeps'in (imparator) Roma ordusunun, Senato ve halkının çıkarlarını dengelemesi ve etnik açıdan çeşitlilik gösteren imparatorlukta barışı, güvenliği ve refahı sürdürmesi bekleniyordu. Yaşayan bir imparatora resmi kült teklifi, makamının ve yönetiminin ilahi olarak onaylanmış ve anayasal olduğunu kabul etmekteydi. Bu nedenle imparator geleneksel Cumhuriyet tanrılarına ve törelerine dindar bir saygı göstermeliydi.

Bu şerefe layık görülen merhum bir imparator, Senato tarafından bir devlet tanrısı (divus, çoğul divi) olarak seçilebilir ve bu şekilde bir apotheosis eylemiyde yükseltilebilirdi. Apotheosis'in bahşedilmesi, İmparatorluk yöneticileri üzerinde dini, siyasi ve ahlaki yargıya hizmet etti. Yaşayan imparatorların, popüler olmayan veya değersiz seleflerinin dışlandığı, saygın bir İmparatorluk divi soyu ile ilişki kurmalarına izin verdi. Bu, Nero'nun ölümü ve iç savaşın ardından Flavian İmparatorluk Hanedanlığını kurmasında Vespasian'a ve Commodus'un öldürülmesinden sonra Severan hanedanını sağlamlaştırmasında Septimius'a yararlı bir araç olmuştur.

Ayrıca bakınız

Ara Pacis

Notlar

^ The imperial cult in Roman Britain-Google docs

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[1] The imperial cult in Roman Britain-Google docs

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